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My own life and my opinions are shared at When I was 69.

REMEMBER: In North America, the month of September 1752 was exceptionally short, skipping 11 days, when the Gregorian Calendar was adapted from the old Julian one, which didn't have leap year days.

Wednesday, May 2, 2018

Trying to understand the past in Virginia

How about the segregation that Virginians continued until recently? (or may be still continuing) 

Some Native American Indians did have reservations as a result of treaties with first England, and later America.  Some of the Nansemond Indians joined their tribal relatives on the Pamunkey reservation.



Pamunkey Schoolhouse, Photograph, May 31, 1937
  During the colonial period, some American Indians residing in the different colonies or on the edges of newly settled regions were enslaved, some were moved out of their traditional homelands, and others received visits from missionaries who attempted to convert them to Christianity or to educate them in order that they could be absorbed into the European culture. In the 1690s the College of William and Mary, in Virginia, received a donation of funds to begin an Indian school that operated off and on until the twentieth century.
From http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/doc/schoolhouse

 Pamunkey school children around 1900

Official Virginia School system lesson:
August 2010
Featured Lesson Plan: Jim Crow and Virginia Indians, 

 The newest version of the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) will be implemented across Virginia this year, and we at the Library of Virginia were pleased to see a fuller inclusion of American Indians in this version's history standards than in the 2001 version. Having noticed the changes, we set out to create lesson plans to reflect these updates. One notable place that American Indians will be studied now is in the lessons of Jim Crow–era Virginia and the United States. VS.8b now includes the Essential Knowledge that "'Jim Crow' laws had an effect on American Indians," and USII.4c now includes the Essential Knowledge that "American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924." 
(Note by editor, B. Rogers 2018) This paragraph no longer is at the link I had used in 2013, and the lesson plan that I looked at isn't either.  But there are some good sounding lessons as follow.)

Good educational sources: Nansomond and Merherrin petition Sept 13, 1723

PETITION OF THE MEHERRIN INDIANS

INDIANS_IN_THE_TWENTIETH_CENTURY

TREATY BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND THE POWHATAN INDIANS 1646




This is the site describing the official who named all the Virginia Natives as Blacks.
Walter Plecker letter.

WALTER PLECKER ASSERTED THAT VIRGINIA INDIANS NO LONGER EXIST, DECEMBER 1943

"On March 20, 1924, Virginia passed the "Act to Preserve Racial Integrity," which defined as "colored" all persons having any discoverable nonwhite ancestry and therefore subjecting all persons of mixed-race ancestry to the racial segregation laws and laws against interracial marriage."

"Plecker, in charge of the state's vital statistics records, employed the law to classify all Virginians as "white" or "colored" and to classify the state's Indians as "colored.... Plecker obsessively documented each and every birth and marriage registration submitted to his agency and manipulated and distorted records to show that the genealogical heritage of Virginia's Indians was so intermixed with Virginia's African Americans that no real Indians existed.

"The Racial Integrity Act was subject to the Pocahontas exception. Since many influential Virginia families claimed descent from Pocahontas, the legislature declared that a person could be considered white with as much as one-sixteenth Indian ancestry.

The law was the most famous ban on miscegenation in the United States, and was overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1967, in Loving v. Virginia.




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